A large part of this is being driven by illegal trafficking operations that recruit desperate families looking to give their families a safer life. Republicans have chosen to demonize both the families as well as the traffickers. It must suck living a life incapable of empathy for others less fortunate.
Anyways, this is actually a pretty good read on it, despite it coming from CNN:
https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/20/us/migrant-surge-travel-agencies-smugglers/index.html
The 2017 tax bill that the Republicans rammed through had a time bomb in it for software developers. Starting in 2022, companies could no longer expense R&D costs, and instead had to amortize them over 5 years. This has led to massive tax bills in 2023 for companies. I have no doubt that this is another major factor in the recent tech layoffs.
https://newsletter.pragmaticengineer.com/p/the-pulse-will-us-companies-hire